His successor, Darius the Great now sits on the Persian throne, and is reorganising the empire along more centralized lines. The Persian empire now covers the entire region and beyond. The conquest of this huge empire was the achievement of the Persian king Cyrus the Great, the first great ruler of the Achaemenid dynasty (hence another common name for the state he founded is the Achaemenid empire). The history of the Middle East over the past 500 years or so has been one of imperial powers following one another in succession: first the Assyrians, then the Babylonians and Medes, and now the Persian empire, the largest state in the history of the Ancient World.
What is happening in Middle East in 500BCE The Persian Empire This tough animal is helping new trade routes across the Arabian desert to come into use.Īge of Empire: The Middle East c.1000 BCE to 500 BCE Finally, the camel has been domesticated recently.
A third occurrence of world significance is the appearance of the monotheism, carried into history by the Israelite tribes. Secondly, the alphabet has been developed, again probably in Asia Minor but soon to be spread by Phoenician merchants around the Mediterranean and Middle East. Firstly, iron has come into widespread use, probably starting somewhere in Asia Minor. Several major advances in civilization have taken place in region in recent centuries. Their achievements will have an enduring impact on world history. The eclipse of these states has allowed new peoples, particularly the Phoenicians and Israelites, to come to the fore. The old powers of the region – Egypt, the Hittites, Assyria and Babylon – have all been devastated by invaders from outside their borders: the “Sea Peoples” from Europe, the Aramaeans from the Syrian desert and the Kuldu (Chaldeans) and other groups from the southern desert. Over the past 500 years, great changes have wracked the Middle East. What is happening in Middle East in 1000BCE Invaders Situated in the Nile valley, Egypt has already produced some of the most famous structures in all history, the great Pyramids of Giza. The second great civilization of the ancient world is now well established. The Sumerians alloy these two metals together to make bronze, which they use in weapons and armour. The spread of trade routes is linked to a demand for tin and copper. This has been carried by the trade networks radiating outwards from the Sumerian cities. Towns and cities are now scattered over a large part of the Middle East, with outlying regions such as Asia Minor and Iran being drawn into the orbit of urban civilization. In the previous thousand years, the influence of Mesopotamian civilization has spread far and wide. What is happening in Middle East in 2500BCE The Sumerians
The struggles between them dominate the history of the Middle Eastern world in this period.Ī Panoramic Overview of Early CivilizationsĬhanging Fortunes: Ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt These states are home to highly sophisticated – and already ancient – civilizations, with a complex commercial life, bureaucracies, and well-organized armies built around chariot formations. These, together with the New Kingdom of Egypt, form the leading powers of the region. Equipped with this battle-winning technology, they have subjugated local populations to create new states: the Hittite, Mitanni and Babylonian empires. Indo-European speaking tribes have moved in from the northern fringes of the old civilizations and brought with them a new military technology, the chariot. Since then the Middle East has seen many upheavals, particularly in Mesopotamia and surrounding regions. This was the achievement of king Sargon of Akkad, in Mesopotamia, in the late 3rd millennium BCE. The past thousand years have seen the rise of fall of the first true empire in world history. What is happening in Middle East in 1500BCE
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